Objectives

1. Determination of the productivity limiting factors for the sandy and calcareous soils and problems related to nutrients deficiency, salinity, sodicity, hard pans crust formation of calcareous soils, ….etc., and find out the suitable solutions to increase the productivity.

2. Optimization of the irrigation methods and application rates of the natural and synthetic soil conditioners to optimize the fertilizers use efficiency.

3. Optimization of the mineral fertilizers application methods (soil or foliar application) to increase their use efficiency and decrease their leaching loss.

4. Partial replacement of the chemical fertilizers by application of organic and bio-fertilizers to save the environment.